Sound Transit fare enforcement

The question

Seattle’s light rail runs on an honor system: no gates, no turnstiles, and random checks by Fare Ambassadors. A rider without proof of payment gets two warnings, and even the third and fourth citations can be settled without paying anything. That approach grew out of real equity goals and community feedback. I wanted to know whether it was working.

Link light rail fare violation sequence

What happens each time a rider can’t show proof of payment

1. 1st violation

   WarningNo fine

2. 2nd violation

   WarningNo fine

3. 3rd violation

   $50 fineor one of the alternatives below

4. 4th violation

   $75 fineor one of the alternatives below

5. Instead of paying the 3rd or 4th fine, a rider can:

   • Sign a pledge
   • Sign up for a focus group
   • Enroll in a Fare Violation Resolution Course
   • Load their ORCA card with the amount of the fine
   • Sign up for ORCA LIFT

6. 5th violation

   $124Civil infraction, reported to District Court

Violations must fall within 12 months of the first offense to move a rider up the sequence. Unpaid fines at the 3rd and 4th steps aren’t sent to collections.

What I did

• Worked from Sound Transit’s inspection and fare evasion records, obtained through a public records request, and charted them week by week for 2022 through 2024.
• Mapped fare enforcement boardings by station along the 1 Line.
• Compared Seattle’s policy with the $50 to $100 first-offense fines in Paris, San Francisco, and New York.
• Talked with a Fare Ambassador at Westlake Station about how inspections work in practice.
• Read the consultant study on fare gates and went back to Sound Move, ST2, and ST3 to see how voters were told the system would be paid for.

What the data said

Inspections went up every year after the program relaunched in 2022, and fare evasion went up with them: 15.57% of inspected riders had no proof of payment in 2023, and 17.93% so far in 2024. The routine itself is predictable (teams start at the ends of the train and work toward the middle, and checks pause when cars are full), so riders who want to skip the fare can plan around it. Boardings also clustered heavily at International District/Chinatown Station, which raises its own equity question.

The point

I’m proud of this one. It pulls public records data, a conversation with a Fare Ambassador, and three voter-approved transit plans into one argument, and it tries to take the equity goals seriously while still asking what’s fair to the people who do pay. Seven charts in Datawrapper and Flourish carry most of the weight. I redrew the fare violation graphic for this site so it reads more clearly; the content is the same as the original.